Joseph Campbell was born in 1903, a year after Jung graduated and published his thesis. Campbell got a Master’s from Columbia University in literature in 1927. During his time there, he had the chance to study in Europe. When he came back, the depression had hit. With no job prospects, he rented a cheap house in Woodstock, New York and began reading for nine hours a day. In his reading, he noticed the recurrence of similar patterns in stories, in images, in religions, etc. This closely paralleled Jung’s ideas of archetypes. The title of one book by Campbell is The Hero with a Thousand Faces, showing how there is an archetype of the hero’s story, be it Scheherazade, Jesus, Buddha, Mohammed, Beowulf, The Three Musketeers, or Luke Skywalker. By relating archetypes to common stories, images, and religions, Campbell brought Jung’s ideas to a broader audience. Bill Moyers’s interviews with Campbell on PBS in the late 1980s became one of the most viewed series at that time.

            Campbell also argued that many mythological stories were like guides, prescriptions for living. Similarly, archetypes help you when needed or activated as “systems of readiness for action, and at the same time images and emotions.” Campbell described religious fundamentalists as getting caught in the prose and not the poetry of religious writings. To believe that Jesus rose from the dead, Mary had a virgin birth, etc., is to ask the impossible in a scientific era. Instead, one should focus on the metaphor involved with such stories.